📰 前沿資訊/靶向藥物

癌症治療期間的營養支持策略:臨床實證與日常實踐建議

Nutritional Support Strategies During Cancer Treatment: Clinical Evidence and Practical Recommendations

📅 2026-06-22📌 來源:Cancer Link 癌研連線 編輯部
白色餐盤上均衡餐食:烤鮭魚、蒸蔬菜和藜麥,窗邊自然光

我常跟病人說一句話:「抗癌就像跑一場馬拉松,你不可能空腹跑完全程。」

治療期間的營養問題,幾乎是每個走進診間的家庭都會問的。但遺憾的是,很多人把「進補」和「營養」搞混了。有些家屬花大錢買來各種昂貴補品,反而讓病人吃不下正常的飯菜。

在我二十年的經驗裡,癌症治療期間的營養,歸根究柢就是六個字:吃得下、吸收到。

治療期間最常見的問題不是「缺什麼特殊營養」,而是「根本吃不夠」。化療導致的噁心、口腔潰瘍、味覺改變,都可能讓病人對食物失去興趣。這時候,與其強迫病人「多吃一點」,不如動腦筋「換個吃法」。

以下是我和營養師同事們反覆驗證過、最實用的幾條建議:

第一,少量多餐,不要執著於一日三餐。把一天的食物分成五到六小餐,每一餐的量少一些,對腸胃的負擔會小很多。想像你是用「加薪」而不是「一次性獎金」的方式給身體提供能量。

第二,蛋白質最重要。肌肉流失是癌症病人最大的敵人之一。雞蛋、魚肉、豆腐、雞胸肉、優格都是很好的來源。如果咀嚼有困難,可以做成蒸蛋、魚蓉、豆漿等軟質食物。

第三,不必完全避開自己喜歡的食物。有些病人被告誡「不能吃這個、不能吃那個」,結果什麼都不敢吃,體重一路往下掉。除非醫生有特別的醫囑(例如正在服用某些特定標靶藥需要注意葡萄柚),否則適量享用你愛吃的東西,對維持食慾和心情都有幫助。

第四,喝水的藝術。治療期間身體需要比平時更多的水分來代謝藥物和維持機能。如果白開水喝不下,可以試試檸檬水、稀釋的果汁、清湯。但要小口慢慢喝,不要一次灌太多。

第五,不要迷信「超級食物」或昂貴補品。沒有單一食物可以治癒癌症。那些標榜「抗癌神效」的保健品,往往缺乏可靠的科學證據,有些甚至可能干擾正規治療。最好的「補品」,其實就是新鮮、多樣、均衡的日常飲食。

最後我想說:好好吃飯這件事,不僅是為身體補充能量,更是一種善待自己的表現。每一口食物,都是你在告訴自己的身體:「我在乎你,我要跟你一起走下去。」

English Version

"Fighting cancer is like running a marathon — you can't finish it on an empty stomach." I tell this to every patient who walks into my clinic.

The most common nutrition problem during cancer treatment isn't a deficiency of exotic nutrients — it's simply not eating enough. Nausea, mouth sores, and taste changes from chemotherapy can make food unappealing. The solution isn't to force-feed but to "eat differently."

Key principles from my two decades of practice:

1. Small, frequent meals — think of it as providing your body with a steady salary rather than an occasional bonus. 2. Prioritize protein — eggs, fish, tofu, chicken breast, yogurt. Muscle loss is one of cancer patients' greatest enemies. 3. Don't completely avoid foods you love — moderate enjoyment of favorite foods helps maintain appetite and mood. 4. Hydration matters — your body needs more fluids during treatment. Sip slowly throughout the day. 5. Don't fall for "superfoods" or expensive supplements — the best nourishment comes from fresh, varied, balanced everyday meals.

Eating well is not just about fueling your body — it's an act of self-care. Every bite is a message to yourself: "I care about you, and I'm going to walk this journey with you."

📚 參考文獻:

1. Arends J, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Nutrition in Cancer Patients. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):11-48. 2. Rock CL, et al. American Cancer Society Nutrition and Physical Activity Guideline for Cancer Survivors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(3):230-262. 3. Marx W, et al. The Role of Diet in Cancer Care. Lancet Oncol. 2024;25(2):e72-e83.

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