📰 前沿資訊/靶向藥物

HER2低表達乳癌的診斷分類演進與抗體藥物複合體治療進展

Evolution of HER2-Low Breast Cancer Classification and Advances in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy

📅 2026-06-18📌 來源:New England Journal of Medicine & ASCO
病理學家在數位顯微鏡前檢查乳腺組織HER2免疫組化染色切片

在我診間裡,最讓人心碎的一句話莫過於:「醫生,我的檢查結果是陰性的,是不是就沒有標靶藥可以用了?」

過去幾十年,乳癌的HER2分類確實只有兩種:陽性(高表達)和陰性(低表達或無表達)。如果被歸類為HER2陰性,就意味著標靶藥物「賀癌平」(Herceptin)這類針對HER2的藥物不適合你。但這個「非黑即白」的二分法,在近兩年被徹底改寫了。

科學家發現,在傳統上被認為是「HER2陰性」的患者中,其實有超過一半的人,癌細胞表面仍然有少量的HER2蛋白——數量不夠多到被歸類為「陽性」,但也不是完全沒有。這個群體被命名為「HER2-low」(HER2低表達)。

為什麼這個發現很重要?讓我用一個比喻來解釋。

傳統的HER2標靶藥物,像是一把只能認出「紅色大門」的鑰匙——它需要癌細胞表面有大量的HER2蛋白才能發揮作用。但新一代的「抗體藥物複合體」(ADC)——你可以把它想像成一台「智慧型快遞車」——它不需要大門,只要認出牆上有「紅色油漆」(少量的HER2蛋白),就會停在癌細胞旁邊,把化療藥精準地「卸貨」到癌細胞內部。周邊的正常細胞則幾乎不受影響。

這項技術突破的代表藥物,在臨床試驗中顯示:HER2-low的轉移性乳癌患者接受這類ADC藥物治療後,疾病控制時間比傳統化療延長了將近一倍,而且副作用更輕。

這個故事告訴我們:癌症治療的分類標準不是一成不變的。今天的「無藥可用」,可能是明天的「標準治療」。如果你的親人曾經因為「HER2陰性」而被排除在標靶治療之外,不妨跟醫生再談談——也許現在的情況已經不一樣了。

身為醫生,我見證過太多分類標準的演變,也見過太多因「被歸錯類」而錯失良機的遺憾。我的建議是:不要害怕提問,不要害怕第二意見。你對自己病情的了解,是治療旅程中最寶貴的地圖。

English Version

For decades, breast cancer was classified simply as HER2-positive or HER2-negative — a binary switch. But recent discoveries reveal a "dimly lit" middle ground: HER2-low.

More than half of patients traditionally classified as HER2-negative actually have small amounts of HER2 protein on their cancer cells — not enough to be called "positive," but not completely absent either.

Why does this matter? Traditional HER2-targeted drugs require abundant HER2 proteins to work effectively. But newer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) act like "smart delivery trucks" — they only need to recognize small amounts of HER2 to dock near cancer cells and deliver chemotherapy precisely inside them, largely sparing surrounding healthy cells.

In clinical trials, HER2-low metastatic breast cancer patients receiving these ADCs experienced nearly double the disease control time compared to traditional chemotherapy, with milder side effects.

The lesson: cancer classification is not set in stone. Today's "untreatable" may become tomorrow's "standard of care." If you or a loved one was previously excluded from targeted therapy due to HER2-negative status, it may be worth revisiting the conversation with your oncologist.

📚 參考文獻:

1. Modi S, et al. Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Low Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:9-20. 2. Tarantino P, et al. HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Pathological and Clinical Landscape. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(17):1951-1962. 3. NCCN Breast Cancer Guidelines. Version 3.2026.

← 返回資訊列表